Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 15 June, 2024, DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215937

Biomedical potential of nanozymes: Harnessing redox enzyme mimicry for theranostic applications

Somaye Shahraki, Esmaeil Vaziri, Ali Akbar Saboury, Kelong Fan

Abstract

Natural enzymes possess remarkable catalytic activity and substrate specificity, but their limited environmental stability and high cost have prompted researchers to seek alternative molecules. The emergence of “Artificial Enzymes” as synthetic substitutes for natural enzymes has been one such approach to overcome these limitations. Among them, nanozymes, nanomaterials capable of catalyzing biological reactions, offer distinct advantages over natural enzymes, including enhanced environmental stability, increased durability, and cost-effectiveness. The synthesis of nanozymes involves various compounds, both metallic and non-metallic, with most displaying redox ability, enabling them to mimic oxidoreductases. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the catalytic properties of nanozymes, their structural characteristics, and their mimicry of natural enzymes. Furthermore, we explore their biomedical applications in terms of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Finally, we conduct a scientometric analysis of the research published in papers indexed in the Web of Science database. This study not only compiles significant research on nanozymes in medicine but also serves to stimulate further exploration and expansion of this burgeoning field of research.

Article link：https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010854524002832?via%3Dihub